Open Access Policy & Article Processing Charge

As an open-access journal that does not charge subscription fees, an Article Publishing Charge (APC) is required to cover the costs of publication. This fee is typically paid by the authors, their institution, or funders, ensuring that the article will be freely and permanently accessible to all readers.
Additionally, automatic APC waivers or discounts are granted to Corresponding Authors affiliated with institutions located in countries or regions listed in the Waivers and Discounts List. Authors from these eligible institutions do not need to take any further action, as the waiver or discount will be applied automatically during the publication process.